Essays

[Footnote 207: Alfred the Great (849-901), King of the West Saxons. He was a wise king, a great scholar, and a patron of learning.] [Footnote 208: Scanderbeg, George Castriota (1404-1467), an Albanian chief who embraced Christianity and carried on a successful war against the Turks.] [Footnote 209: Gustavus Adolphus (1594-1632), King of Sweden, the hero of Protestantism in the Thirty Years' War.] [Footnote 210: Hieroglyphic, a character in the picture-writing of the ancient Egyptian priests; hence, hidden sign.] [Footnote 211: Parallax, an angle used in astronomy in calculating the distance of a heavenly body. The parallax decreases as the distance of the body increases.] [Footnote 212: The child has the advantage of the experience of all his ancestors. Compare Tennyson's line in _Locksley Hall_: "I the heir of all the ages, in the foremost files of time." ] [Footnote 213: "Why should we grope among the dry bones of the past, or put the living generation into masquerade out of its faded wardrobe? The sun shines to-day also."--EMERSON, _Introd. to Nature, Addresses, etc._] [Footnote 214: Explain the thought in this sentence.] [Footnote 215: Judas Iscariot, who betrayed Jesus.] [Footnote 216: Agent, active, acting.] [Footnote 217: An allusion to the Mohammedan custom of removing the shoes before entering a mosque.] [Footnote 218: Of a truth, men are mystically united; a mystic bond of brotherhood makes all men one.] [Footnote 219: Thor and Woden. Woden or Odin was the chief god of Scandinavian mythology. Thor, his elder son, was the god of thunder. From these names come the names of the days Wednesday and Thursday.] [Footnote 220: Explain the meaning of this sentence.] [Footnote 221: You, or you, addressing different persons.] [Footnote 222: "The truth shall make you free."--_John_, viii. 32.] [Footnote 223: Antinomianism, the doctrine that the moral law is not binding under the gospel dispensation, faith alone being necessary to salvation.] [Footnote 224: "There is no sorrow I have thought more about than that--to love what is great, and try to reach it, and yet to fail." GEORGE ELIOT, _Middlemarch_, lxxvi.] [Footnote 225: Explain the use of _it_ in these expressions.] [Footnote 226: Stoic, a disciple of the Greek philosopher Zeno, who taught that men should be free from passion, unmoved by joy and grief, and should submit without complaint to the inevitable.] [Footnote 227: Word made flesh, see _John_, i. 14.] [Footnote 228: Healing to the nations, see _Revelation_, xxii. 2.] [Footnote 229: In what prayers do men allow themselves to indulge?] [Footnote 230: "Prayer is the soul's sincere desire, Uttered or unexpressed, The motion of a hidden fire That trembles in the breast." MONTGOMERY, _What is Prayer?_ ] [Footnote 231: Caratach (Caractacus) is a historical character in Fletcher's (1576-1625) tragedy of _Bonduca_(Boadicea).] [Footnote 232: Zoroaster, a Persian philosopher, founder of the ancient Persian religion. He flourished long before the Christian era.] [Footnote 233: "Speak thou with us, and we will hear: but let not God speak with us, lest we die."--_Exodus_, xx. 19. Compare also the parallel passage in _Deuteronomy_, v. 25-27.] [Footnote 234: John Locke. (See note 18.)] [Footnote 235: Lavoisier (1743-1794), celebrated French chemical philosopher, discoverer of the composition of water.] [Footnote 236: James Hutton (1726-1797), great Scotch geologist, author of the _Theory of the Earth_.] [Footnote 237: Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832), English philosopher, jurist, and legislative reformer.] [Footnote 238: Fourier (1772-1837), French socialist, founder of the system of Fourierism.] [Footnote 239: Calvinism, the doctrines of John Calvin (1509-1564). French theologian and Protestant reformer. A cardinal doctrine of Calvinism is predestination.] [Footnote 240: Quakerism, the doctrines of the Quakers or Friends, a society founded by George Fox (1624-1691).] [Footnote 241: Emanuel Swedenborg (1688-1772), Swedish theosophist, founder of the New Jerusalem Church. He is taken by Emerson in his _Representative Men_ as the type of the mystic, and is often mentioned in his other works.] [Footnote 242: "Though we travel the world over to find the beautiful, we must carry it with us, or we find it not."--EMERSON, _Art_.] [Footnote 243: Thebes, a celebrated ruined city of Upper Egypt.]